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Natural History Photographs
by Cor Zonneveld
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Butterflies feed on flowers. Although this is a bit of an overstatement (you might also see them on
mud, or even on more exotic food sources, like
carrion!), it is certainly true that many
butterflies can be seen feeding on all kind of flowers. What they get from flowers is nectar,
a watery sugar solution that fuels the butterflies flight.
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For a flower to be visited by a butterfly, they have to be available to the butterfly. This applies
to spatial as well as temporal availability. If a plant's and a butterflies' habitat do not overlap,
there will be little opportunity for a butterfly to visit that plant. More stringent is temporal
overlap in presence: if a plant doesn't flower when the butterfly is flying, there will never be
an opportunity for a visit. Apart from such quite trivial restrictions, almost anything goes.
But not with equal enthusiasm. Some flowers are only incidentally visited, while others are so
attractive that they can be loaded with butterflies.
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Ochlodes sylvanus at Erica tetralix
Dwingelo, the Netherlands; June 1989.
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Parnassius apollo at Dianthus spec.
Saas Fee, Switzerland; August 1991.
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Aporia crataegi at Viccia spec.
Aladag mountains, Turkey; 1 June 2008.
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Satyrium illicis at Rubus spec.
North of Adana, Turkey; 2 June 2008.
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Polyommatus icarus at Centaurea spec.
Amstelveen, the Netherlands; 30 July 2006.
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Tarucus balkanicus at Paliurus spina-christi
Taurus mountains, Turkey; 29 May 2008.
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Vanessa cardui
Painted Lady, feeding at Allium. Provence, France; May 1990.
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Issoria lathonia feeding at Anchusa officinalis
Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, the Netherlands; undated.
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Maniola jurtina - Meadow Brown
Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen, the Netherlands; 8 July 2007.
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Melanargia galathea - Marbled White
Dagro (Tessin), Switzerland; 17 July 2007.
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